Country _ Name
Russia
SectionTitle
Identification
Body
FinTechs belonging to this category provide identification services, which are required for most banking services.

Introduction

Attitude of the country towards identification services

Identification of customers, their representatives, beneficial owners and beneficiaries as well as the provision of corresponding services is carried out in accordance with the Federal Law No. 115-FZ dated August 07, 2001 "On Countering the Legalization (Laundering) of Illegal Earnings and the Financing of Terrorism" (the "Anti-Money Laundering Law", AML).

The legislation of the Russian Federation also provides for a simplified customer identification mechanism for individuals, allowing them to receive financial services remotely from different banks by confirming their identity using biometric personal data (facial image and voice) (par. 21 of Article 3 of the AML).

The use of biometric data for identification purposes is regulated by the Federal Law No. 572-FZ dated December 29, 2022 "About Implementation of Identification and (or) Authentication of Physical Persons with Use of Biometric Personal Data, about Modification of Separate Legal Acts of the Russian Federation and Recognition Voided Separate Provisions of Legal Acts of the Russian Federation" (the "Law on the Identification and Authentication of Physical Persons with Use of Biometric Personal Data").


Legal affairs

Obligations and requirements to provide identification services

Russian legislation does not contain requirements for licensing activities related to identification or simplified identification.
Requirements for identification of customers, their representatives, beneficiaries and beneficial owners for leasing companies, telecom operators, advocates, notaries, etc. are determined by Rosfinmonitoring as the government body. The Bank of Russia in agreement with Rosfinmonitoring (subpar. 14, par. 2 of Article 7 of the AML) determines requirements for credit organizations and non-credit financial organizations (e.g., professional participants in the securities market, operators of investment platforms, insurance organizations, foreign insurance organizations, insurance brokers, management companies of investment funds, mutual funds and non-state pension funds, operators of financial platforms, operators of information systems in which digital financial assets are issued, operators of exchange of digital financial assets).

Credit organizations as well as non-credit financial organizations are entitled to enter into agreements on entrusting identification or simplified identification and updating of information.

Thus, credit organizations are entitled to entrust such actions to a federal postal service organization, a bank payment agent, a telecom operator that has the right to independently provide mobile radiotelephone services, a certification center accredited in the manner established by the Federal Law No. 63-FZ dated April 6, 2011 "On Electronic Signature" (par. 1.5 of Article 7 of the AML), as well as to the operator of a financial platform (subpar. 5 of par. 1.5-8 of Article 7 of the AML) or another credit organization (par 1.5-9 of Article 7 of the AML).

Non-credit financial organizations, in turn, are entitled to delegate the identity verification (simplified identification) to credit organizations (subpar. 1 of par. 1.5-2, par. 1.5-1, 1.5-6 of Article 7 of the AML) and operators of financial platforms (par. 1.5-9 of Article 7 of the AML). Subjects carrying out delegated identification (simplified identification) may also be operators of information systems in which digital financial assets are issued, digital financial asset exchange operators, as well as lottery operators (subpar. 2, 3 of par. 1.5-2 of Article 7 of the AML).

According to the Bank of Russia Ordinance No. 5351-U dated December 11, 2019, credit institutions that may be entrusted with identification or simplified identification from a microfinance organization shall have a license granting the right to carry out one of the following banking operations:

  • opening and maintaining bank accounts of individuals and (or) legal entities;
  • attraction of funds of individuals and (or) legal entities in deposits (until demand and (or) for a certain period);
  • making money transfers without opening bank accounts, including electronic money transfers (with the exception of postal transfers).
In addition, credit organizations and non-credit financial organizations based on an agreement may entrust a foreign bank or other foreign financial organization with the identification of a customer: a foreign citizen or a foreign legal entity, a representative of a foreign customer, a beneficial owner, a beneficial owner, as well as updating information about foreign customers, representatives of foreign customers, beneficiaries and beneficial owners (par. 1.5-11 of Article 7 of the AML).

In accordance with Russian legislation, only organizations that use vectors of the unified biometric system for these purposes and have passed special accreditation are entitled to own information systems that provide authentication based on biometric personal data of individuals and (or) provide authentication services based on biometric personal data of individuals (par. 10 of Article 2 of the "Law on Identification and Authentication of Individuals Using Biometric Personal Data").

At the same time, these organizations can be accredited only if they fulfill a list of requirements directly specified by law.
In particular, an organization that carries out authentication based on biometric personal data of individuals cannot be a foreign legal entity as well as a legal entity, in the authorized (share) capital of which the share of participation of foreign legal entities exceeds 49 percent, and shall also have a capital not less than 500 million rubles (par. 2 of Article 17 of the Law on Identification and Authentication of Individuals Using Biometric Personal Data).

In addition, these organizations shall have licenses to develop, produce, distribute encryption (cryptographic) tools, information systems and telecommunication systems protected using encryption (cryptographic) tools, perform work, provide services in this area (subpar. 6 of par 2 of Article 17 of the Law on Identification and Authentication of Individuals Using Biometric Personal Data).

Additional comments regarding the legal situation for identification services or what FinTech’s must be aware of in this business area

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Economic conditions

Market size for identification services and biggest companies in this business area

A large place in the market for identification services is occupied by banking organizations (Sberbank PJSC, T-Bank) and telecom operators (MTS PJSC). Also, a significant position is occupied by the state, which develops and implements technological infrastructure in the field of identification, including the Unified Biometric System, which, together with the Unified Identification and Authentication System (ESIA), ensures reliable identification of users.

Additional comments regarding the economic situation for identification services or what FinTech’s must be aware of in this business area

N/A



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