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The signature requirements pertain the legal or contractual requirements in order to make a legally effective declaration of intent or a legally binding contract.
Possibility to replace a specific formal requirement of making a binding declaration of intention
Digital documents entered into pursuant to the CAD may replace the written form.
Presence of any specific formal requirements to effectively conclude a loan agreement
Yes, written signature, also by digital means, is needed for the validity of the agreement.
Process of conclusion of a contract by using a qualified electronic signature in practice
Please see the Section above on “Identification”.
Legal consequences to a contract in case of not fulfilling formal requirements
Depending on the formal requirements that apply to the specific agreement, it may vary from unenforceability of the agreement to its voidance (the latter, in case of banking contracts).
Usual practice of signing contractual agreements in the B2B sector
By written signature.
Usual practice of signing contractual agreements in the B2C sector
Contracts involving real estate, M&A and banking and financial agreements are signed by handwritten signature normally.