Country _ Name
China
SectionTitle
DLT and cryptocurrencies
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FinTechs belonging to this category offer financial services using crypto currencies. This category also includes FinTechs utilising blockchain and distributed ledger technologies (DLT) upon which Bitcoin and Ethereum are based, among others. FinTechs develop and do research in this field in order to create new services – e.g. crypto currency exchange markets, wallet providers, NFTs-related services, new payment services, "smart contracts" or new clearing and settling services.

Introduction

Attitude of the country towards financial services using crypto currencies

The government does not deem crypto currencies as legal currency. It banned the exchange between crypto currencies and legal currencies and the trading among crypto currencies themselves in 2017. This regulatory attitude stays unchanged from 2017 to today.

Apart from the strict restrictions on traditional cryptocurrencies, it is worth noting that the Stablecoins laws in Hong Kong came into effect on August 1, 2025, establishing a stablecoin licensing system. The Chinese government has also shown positive attitudes towards stablecoins. In June 2025, the Governor of the People's Bank of China, Mr. Pan Gongsheng, publicly acknowledged stablecoins for the first time at the Lujiazui Forum, recognizing their potential to reshape the traditional payment landscape and streamline cross-border payment processes.


Legal affairs

Obligations and requirements to provide financial services using crypto currencies described above

In China, the legal tender is Renminbi (RMB). Further, it is expressly described in the applicable laws and regulations that cryptocurrencies is a virtual good and not a currency and therefore shall not be used and exchanged in the market as such.

On 4 September 2017, the Chinese authorities issued an announcement to prevent the risk relating to ICO and token-based financing (ICO Ban). The ICO Ban stipulates that every ICO and token-based financing platform shall not engage in the exchange between any legal currency with tokens and crypto currency, shall not trade or trade as central counterparties with the tokens or crypto currency, and shall not provide pricing, information agency or other services for tokens or crypto currency. A platform which violates the ICO Ban will be taken off the app store.

In 2018 and 2021, various Chinese authorities and industry associations further issued several regulations, announcements and notices to continue cracking down the usage of cryptocurrencies. They reiterated that the financial institutions and payment clearing institutions should not carry out businesses related to crypto currencies and appealed to the public that they shall not participate in speculative cryptocurrencies transactions. In the such regulations and policies, cryptocurrencies-related business activities are expressly deemed as illegal financial activities. 

The Supreme People's Court of China issued the Guiding Cases in December 2022 specifying a case relating to cryptocurrencies.  In this case, a party attempted to convert Bitcoin into RMB to pay the transaction consideration to the other party.  The local Intermediate Court believed that converting Bitcoin into RMB supported the redemption and transaction between Bitcoin and legal tender in practice violate the relevant regulations and expressly deemed trading and utilizing crypto currencies as illegal. 

In summary, after the issuance of ICO Ban, crypto currency and the provision of financial services using crypto currencies are strictly prohibited in China.

Additional comments regarding the legal situation for financial services using crypto currencies or what FinTech’s must be aware of in this business area

Cryptocurrencies are prohibited, and we understand that it is hard to develop business in this area in China legally.


Economic conditions

Market size for financial services using crypto currencies and biggest companies in this business area

For traditional crypto currencieis: N/A.

For the stablecoins, some leading Chinese corporations, including JD Group and Ant Group, plan to pursue stablecoins licensing through their respective entities under Hong Kong's new regulatory framework. There have not been any enterprise engaged in the stablecoins in the mainland China as of June of 2025.

Additional comments regarding the economic situation for financial services using crypto currencies or what FinTech’s must be aware of in this business area

According to current laws and regulations, the services provided by an overseas virtual currency exchange to China's residents via the Internet are also illegal financial activities. Therefore, FinTechs need to be cautious when providing cross-border trading services to Chinese consumers.



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